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使用 Amazon CloudTrail 记录 API 调用
Amazon WAFAmazon Shield Advanced、和与集成Amazon CloudTrail，后Amazon Firewall Manager者是提供用户、角色或服务所采取操作的记录的记录的Amazon服务。 CloudTrail 将这些服务的 API 调用子集作为事件捕获，包括来自、Shield Advence 或Firewall Manager 控制台的调用和对 Shield Adge API 的代码调用。Amazon WAFAmazon WAF如果您创建了跟踪，则可以使 CloudTrail 事件持续传送到 Amazon S3 存储桶（包括 Shield Amazon Amazon S3 存储桶或 Fistory Firewall Manager 的事件）。Amazon WAF如果您不配置跟踪，则仍可在 Event history（事件历史记录 CloudTrail ）中查看最新事件。使用收集的信息 CloudTrail，您可以确定向这些服务发出的请求、发出请求的 IP 地址、请求的发出者、发出请求的时间以及其他详细信息。
要了解 CloudTrail更多信息（包括如何对其进行配置和启用），请参阅Amazon CloudTrail用户指南。
CloudTrail 在您创建账户Amazon Web Services 账户时启用。当 Shield Advent Firewall Manager em CloudTrail ent 中Amazon WAF发生受支持的事件活动时，该活动将记录在 Event hiAmazon story（事件历史记录）中。您可以在 Amazon Web Services 账户 中查看、搜索和下载最新事件。有关更多信息，请参阅使用事件历史记录查看 CloudTrail 事件。
要持续记录您中的事件（包括 Shield AAmazon Web Services 账户 dvanchAmazon WAF Firewall Manager 件），请创建跟踪。通过跟踪，可 CloudTrail 将日志文件传送到 Amazon S3 存储桶。在控制台创建跟踪时，跟踪默认应用于所有 区域。此跟踪记录在 Amazon 分区中记录所有区域中的事件，并将日志文件传送至您指定的 Simple Storage Service（Amazon S3）桶。此外，您可以配置其他Amazon服务，进一步分析在 CloudTrail 日志中收集的事件数据并采取操作。有关更多信息，请参阅下列内容：
Amazon CloudTrail 中的 Amazon WAF 信息
所有 Amazon WAF 操作由 Amazon CloudTrail 记录，并且在 Amazon WAF API 参考中正式记载。例如，对 ListWebACL、UpdateWebACL 和 DeleteWebACL 的调用将在 CloudTrail 日志文件中生成条目。
每个事件或日志条目都包含有关生成请求的人员信息。身份信息可帮助您确定以下内容：
-
使用根用户凭证发出的
-
请求是使用角色还是联合身份用户的临时安全凭证发出的
-
请求是否由其它 Amazon 服务发出
有关更多信息，请参阅 CloudTrail userIdentity 元素。
示例：Amazon WAF 日志文件条目
跟踪是一种配置，可用于将事件作为日志文件传送到您指定的 Amazon S3 存储桶。 Amazon CloudTrail日志文件包含一个或多个日志条目。一个事件表示来自任何源的一个请求，包括有关所请求的操作、操作的日期和时间、请求参数等方面的信息。 CloudTrail 日志文件不是公用 API 调用的有序堆栈跟踪，因此它们不会按任何特定顺序显示。
以下是Amazon WAF Web ACL 操作 CloudTrail 的日志条目示例。
示例： CloudTrail 的日志条目CreateWebACL
{ "eventVersion": "1.05", "userIdentity": { "type": "AssumedRole", "principalId": "principalId", "arn": "arn:aws:sts::112233445566:assumed-role/Admin", "accountId": "112233445566", "accessKeyId": "accessKeyId", "sessionContext": { "sessionIssuer": { "type": "Role", "principalId": "principalId", "arn": "arn:aws:iam::112233445566:role/Admin", "accountId": "112233445566", "userName": "Admin" }, "webIdFederationData": {}, "attributes": { "mfaAuthenticated": "false", "creationDate": "2019-11-06T03:43:07Z" } } }, "eventTime": "2019-11-06T03:44:21Z", "eventSource": "wafv2.amazonaws.com", "eventName": "CreateWebACL", "awsRegion": "us-west-2", "sourceIPAddress": "10.0.0.1", "userAgent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/78.0.3904.87 Safari/537.36", "requestParameters": { "name": "foo", "scope": "CLOUDFRONT", "defaultAction": { "block": {} }, "description": "foo", "rules": [ { "name": "foo", "priority": 1, "statement": { "geoMatchStatement": { "countryCodes": [ "AF", "AF" ] } }, "action": { "block": {} }, "visibilityConfig": { "sampledRequestsEnabled": true, "cloudWatchMetricsEnabled": true, "metricName": "foo" } } ], "visibilityConfig": { "sampledRequestsEnabled": true, "cloudWatchMetricsEnabled": true, "metricName": "foo" } }, "responseElements": { "summary": { "name": "foo", "id": "ebbcb976-8d59-4d20-8ca8-4ab2f6b7c07b", "description": "foo", "lockToken": "67551e73-49d8-4363-be48-244deea72ea9", "aRN": "arn:aws:wafv2:us-west-2:112233445566:global/webacl/foo/ebbcb976-8d59-4d20-8ca8-4ab2f6b7c07b" } }, "requestID": "c51521ba-3911-45ca-ba77-43aba50471ca", "eventID": "afd1a60a-7d84-417f-bc9c-7116cf029065", "eventType": "AwsApiCall", "apiVersion": "2019-04-23", "recipientAccountId": "112233445566" }
示例： CloudTrail 的日志条目GetWebACL
{ "eventVersion": "1.05", "userIdentity": { "type": "AssumedRole", "principalId": "AssumedRole", "arn": "arn:aws:sts::112233445566:assumed-role/Admin/admin", "accountId": "112233445566", "accessKeyId": "accessKeyId", "sessionContext": { "sessionIssuer": { "type": "Role", "principalId": "AssumedRole", "arn": "arn:aws:iam::112233445566:role/Admin", "accountId": "112233445566", "userName": "Admin" }, "webIdFederationData": {}, "attributes": { "mfaAuthenticated": "false", "creationDate": "2019-11-06T19:17:20Z" } } }, "eventTime": "2019-11-06T19:18:28Z", "eventSource": "wafv2.amazonaws.com", "eventName": "GetWebACL", "awsRegion": "us-west-2", "sourceIPAddress": "10.0.0.1", "userAgent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/78.0.3904.87 Safari/537.36", "requestParameters": { "name": "foo", "scope": "CLOUDFRONT", "id": "webacl" }, "responseElements": null, "requestID": "f2db4884-4eeb-490c-afe7-67cbb494ce3b", "eventID": "7d563cd6-4123-4082-8880-c2d1fda4d90b", "readOnly": true, "eventType": "AwsApiCall", "apiVersion": "2019-04-23", "recipientAccountId": "112233445566" }
示例： CloudTrail 的日志条目UpdateWebACL
{ "eventVersion": "1.05", "userIdentity": { "type": "AssumedRole", "principalId": "principalId", "arn": "arn:aws:sts::112233445566:assumed-role/Admin", "accountId": "112233445566", "accessKeyId": "accessKeyId", "sessionContext": { "sessionIssuer": { "type": "Role", "principalId": "principalId", "arn": "arn:aws:iam::112233445566:role/Admin", "accountId": "112233445566", "userName": "Admin" }, "webIdFederationData": {}, "attributes": { "mfaAuthenticated": "false", "creationDate": "2019-11-06T19:17:20Z" } } }, "eventTime": "2019-11-06T19:20:56Z", "eventSource": "wafv2.amazonaws.com", "eventName": "UpdateWebACL", "awsRegion": "us-west-2", "sourceIPAddress": "10.0.0.1", "userAgent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/78.0.3904.87 Safari/537.36", "requestParameters": { "name": "foo", "scope": "CLOUDFRONT", "id": "ebbcb976-8d59-4d20-8ca8-4ab2f6b7c07b", "defaultAction": { "block": {} }, "description": "foo", "rules": [ { "name": "foo", "priority": 1, "statement": { "geoMatchStatement": { "countryCodes": [ "AF" ] } }, "action": { "block": {} }, "visibilityConfig": { "sampledRequestsEnabled": true, "cloudWatchMetricsEnabled": true, "metricName": "foo" } } ], "visibilityConfig": { "sampledRequestsEnabled": true, "cloudWatchMetricsEnabled": true, "metricName": "foo" }, "lockToken": "67551e73-49d8-4363-be48-244deea72ea9" }, "responseElements": { "nextLockToken": "a6b54c01-7975-4e6d-b7d0-2653cb6e231d" }, "requestID": "41c96e12-9790-46ab-b145-a230f358f2c2", "eventID": "517a10e6-4ca9-4828-af90-a5cff9756594", "eventType": "AwsApiCall", "apiVersion": "2019-04-23", "recipientAccountId": "112233445566" }
示例： CloudTrail 的日志条目DeleteWebACL
{ "eventVersion": "1.05", "userIdentity": { "type": "AssumedRole", "principalId": "principalId", "arn": "arn:aws:sts::112233445566:assumed-role/Admin/sheqiang-Isengard", "accountId": "112233445566", "accessKeyId": "accessKeyId", "sessionContext": { "sessionIssuer": { "type": "Role", "principalId": "principalId", "arn": "arn:aws:iam::112233445566:role/Admin", "accountId": "112233445566", "userName": "Admin" }, "webIdFederationData": {}, "attributes": { "mfaAuthenticated": "false", "creationDate": "2019-11-06T19:17:20Z" } } }, "eventTime": "2019-11-06T19:25:17Z", "eventSource": "wafv2.amazonaws.com", "eventName": "DeleteWebACL", "awsRegion": "us-west-2", "sourceIPAddress": "10.0.0.1", "userAgent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/78.0.3904.87 Safari/537.36", "requestParameters": { "name": "foo", "scope": "CLOUDFRONT", "id": "ebbcb976-8d59-4d20-8ca8-4ab2f6b7c07b", "lockToken": "a6b54c01-7975-4e6d-b7d0-2653cb6e231d" }, "responseElements": null, "requestID": "71703f89-e139-440c-96d4-9c77f4cd7565", "eventID": "2f976624-b6a5-4a09-a8d0-aa3e9f4e5187", "eventType": "AwsApiCall", "apiVersion": "2019-04-23", "recipientAccountId": "112233445566" }
示例：Amazon WAF Classic 日志文件条目
Amazon WAF Classic 是 Amazon WAF 的以前版本。有关信息，请参阅 Amazon WAF Classic。
日志条目演示了 CreateRule、GetRule、UpdateRule 和 DeleteRule 操作：
{ "Records": [ { "eventVersion": "1.03", "userIdentity": { "type": "IAMUser", "principalId": "AIDAIEP4IT4TPDEXAMPLE", "arn": "arn:aws:iam::777777777777:user/nate", "accountId": "777777777777", "accessKeyId": "AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE", "userName": "nate" }, "eventTime": "2016-04-25T21:35:14Z", "eventSource": "waf.amazonaws.com", "eventName": "CreateRule", "awsRegion": "us-west-2", "sourceIPAddress": "Amazon Internal", "userAgent": "console.amazonaws.com", "requestParameters": { "name": "0923ab32-7229-49f0-a0e3-66c81example", "changeToken": "l9434322-8685-4ed2-9c5b-9410bexample", "metricName": "0923ab32722949f0a0e366c81example" }, "responseElements": { "rule": { "metricName": "0923ab32722949f0a0e366c81example", "ruleId": "12132e64-6750-4725-b714-e7544example", "predicates": [ ], "name": "0923ab32-7229-49f0-a0e3-66c81example" }, "changeToken": "l9434322-8685-4ed2-9c5b-9410bexample" }, "requestID": "4e6b66f9-d548-11e3-a8a9-73e33example", "eventID": "923f4321-d378-4619-9b72-4605bexample", "eventType": "AwsApiCall", "apiVersion": "2015-08-24", "recipientAccountId": "777777777777" }, { "eventVersion": "1.03", "userIdentity": { "type": "IAMUser", "principalId": "AIDAIEP4IT4TPDEXAMPLE", "arn": "arn:aws:iam::777777777777:user/nate", "accountId": "777777777777", "accessKeyId": "AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE", "userName": "nate" }, "eventTime": "2016-04-25T21:35:22Z", "eventSource": "waf.amazonaws.com", "eventName": "GetRule", "awsRegion": "us-west-2", "sourceIPAddress": "Amazon Internal", "userAgent": "console.amazonaws.com", "requestParameters": { "ruleId": "723c2943-82dc-4bc1-a29b-c7d73example" }, "responseElements": null, "requestID": "8e4f3211-d548-11e3-a8a9-73e33example", "eventID": "an236542-d1f9-4639-bb3d-8d2bbexample", "eventType": "AwsApiCall", "apiVersion": "2015-08-24", "recipientAccountId": "777777777777" }, { "eventVersion": "1.03", "userIdentity": { "type": "IAMUser", "principalId": "AIDAIEP4IT4TPDEXAMPLE", "arn": "arn:aws:iam::777777777777:user/nate", "accountId": "777777777777", "accessKeyId": "AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE", "userName": "nate" }, "eventTime": "2016-04-25T21:35:13Z", "eventSource": "waf.amazonaws.com", "eventName": "UpdateRule", "awsRegion": "us-west-2", "sourceIPAddress": "Amazon Internal", "userAgent": "console.amazonaws.com", "requestParameters": { "ruleId": "7237b123-7903-4d9e-8176-9d71dexample", "changeToken": "32343a11-35e2-4dab-81d8-6d408example", "updates": [ { "predicate": { "type": "SizeConstraint", "dataId": "9239c032-bbbe-4b80-909b-782c0example", "negated": false }, "action": "INSERT" } ] }, "responseElements": { "changeToken": "32343a11-35e2-4dab-81d8-6d408example" }, "requestID": "11918283-0b2d-11e6-9ccc-f9921example", "eventID": "00032abc-5bce-4237-a8ee-5f1a9example", "eventType": "AwsApiCall", "apiVersion": "2015-08-24", "recipientAccountId": "777777777777" }, { "eventVersion": "1.03", "userIdentity": { "type": "IAMUser", "principalId": "AIDAIEP4IT4TPDEXAMPLE", "arn": "arn:aws:iam::777777777777:user/nate", "accountId": "777777777777", "accessKeyId": "AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE", "userName": "nate" }, "eventTime": "2016-04-25T21:35:28Z", "eventSource": "waf.amazonaws.com", "eventName": "DeleteRule", "awsRegion": "us-west-2", "sourceIPAddress": "Amazon Internal", "userAgent": "console.amazonaws.com", "requestParameters": { "changeToken": "fd232003-62de-4ea3-853d-52932example", "ruleId": "3e3e2d11-fd8b-4333-8b03-1da95example" }, "responseElements": { "changeToken": "fd232003-62de-4ea3-853d-52932example" }, "requestID": "b23458a1-0b2d-11e6-9ccc-f9928example", "eventID": "a3236565-1a1a-4475-978e-81c12example", "eventType": "AwsApiCall", "apiVersion": "2015-08-24", "recipientAccountId": "777777777777" } ] }
Amazon Shield Advanced中的信息 CloudTrail
Amazon Shield Advanced支持在 CloudTrail 日志文件中将以下操作记录为事件：
每个事件或日志条目都包含有关生成请求的人员信息。身份信息可帮助您确定以下内容：
-
使用根用户凭证发出的
-
请求是使用角色还是联合身份用户的临时安全凭证发出的。
-
请求是否由其它 Amazon 服务发出。
有关更多信息，请参阅 CloudTrail userIdentity 元素。
示例：Shield ld Advanced 日志
跟踪是一种配置，可用于将事件作为日志文件传送到您指定的 Amazon S3 存储桶。 CloudTrail 日志文件包含一个或多个日志条目。一个事件表示来自任何源的一个请求，包括有关所请求的操作、操作的日期和时间、请求参数等方面的信息。 CloudTrail 日志文件不是公用 API 调用的有序堆栈跟踪，因此它们不会按任何特定顺序显示。
下面的示例显示了一个 CloudTrail ，该条目说明了DeleteProtection和ListProtections操作。
[ { "eventVersion": "1.05", "userIdentity": { "type": "IAMUser", "principalId": "1234567890987654321231", "arn": "arn:aws:iam::123456789012:user/SampleUser", "accountId": "123456789012", "accessKeyId": "1AFGDT647FHU83JHFI81H", "userName": "SampleUser" }, "eventTime": "2018-01-10T21:31:14Z", "eventSource": "shield.amazonaws.com", "eventName": "DeleteProtection", "awsRegion": "us-east-1", "sourceIPAddress": "Amazon Internal", "userAgent": "aws-cli/1.14.10 Python/3.6.4 Darwin/16.7.0 botocore/1.8.14", "requestParameters": { "protectionId": "12345678-5104-46eb-bd03-agh4j8rh3b6n" }, "responseElements": null, "requestID": "95bc0042-f64d-11e7-abd1-1babdc7aa857", "eventID": "85263bf4-17h4-43bb-b405-fh84jhd8urhg", "eventType": "AwsApiCall", "apiVersion": "AWSShield_20160616", "recipientAccountId": "123456789012" }, { "eventVersion": "1.05", "userIdentity": { "type": "IAMUser", "principalId": "123456789098765432123", "arn": "arn:aws:iam::123456789012:user/SampleUser", "accountId": "123456789012", "accessKeyId": "1AFGDT647FHU83JHFI81H", "userName": "SampleUser" }, "eventTime": "2018-01-10T21:30:03Z", "eventSource": "shield.amazonaws.com", "eventName": "ListProtections", "awsRegion": "us-east-1", "sourceIPAddress": "Amazon Internal", "userAgent": "aws-cli/1.14.10 Python/3.6.4 Darwin/16.7.0 botocore/1.8.14", "requestParameters": null, "responseElements": null, "requestID": "6accca40-f64d-11e7-abd1-1bjfi8urhj47", "eventID": "ac0570bd-8dbc-41ac-a2c2-987j90j3h78f", "eventType": "AwsApiCall", "apiVersion": "AWSShield_20160616", "recipientAccountId": "123456789012" } ]
Amazon Firewall Manager中的信息 CloudTrail
Amazon Firewall Manager支持在 CloudTrail 日志文件中将以下操作记录为事件：
每个事件或日志条目都包含有关生成请求的人员信息。身份信息可帮助您确定以下内容：
-
使用根用户凭证发出的
-
请求是使用角色还是联合身份用户的临时安全凭证发出的。
-
请求是否由其它 Amazon 服务发出。
有关更多信息，请参阅 CloudTrail userIdentity 元素。
示例：Firewall Manager 日志文件条目
跟踪是一种配置，可用于将事件作为日志文件传送到您指定的 Amazon S3 存储桶。 CloudTrail 日志文件包含一个或多个日志条目。一个事件表示来自任何源的一个请求，包括有关所请求的操作、操作的日期和时间、请求参数等方面的信息。 CloudTrail 日志文件不是公用 API 调用的有序堆栈跟踪，因此它们不会按任何特定顺序显示。
下面的示例显示了一个GetAdminAccount--> 操作 CloudTrail 的日志条目。
{ "eventVersion": "1.05", "userIdentity": { "type": "AssumedRole", "principalId": "1234567890987654321231", "arn": "arn:aws:sts::123456789012:assumed-role/Admin/SampleUser", "accountId": "123456789012", "accessKeyId": "1AFGDT647FHU83JHFI81H", "sessionContext": { "attributes": { "mfaAuthenticated": "false", "creationDate": "2018-04-14T02:51:50Z" }, "sessionIssuer": { "type": "Role", "principalId": "1234567890987654321231", "arn": "arn:aws:iam::123456789012:role/Admin", "accountId": "123456789012", "userName": "Admin" } } }, "eventTime": "2018-04-14T03:12:35Z", "eventSource": "fms.amazonaws.com", "eventName": "GetAdminAccount", "awsRegion": "us-east-1", "sourceIPAddress": "72.21.198.65", "userAgent": "console.amazonaws.com", "requestParameters": null, "responseElements": null, "requestID": "ae244f41-3f91-11e8-787b-dfaafef95fc1", "eventID": "5769af1e-14b1-4bd1-ba75-f023981d0a4a", "eventType": "AwsApiCall", "apiVersion": "2018-01-01", "recipientAccountId": "123456789012" }